| R |
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noun - The eighteenth letter of the Appendix:Roman script, English alphabet, preceded by Q and followed by S.
abbreviation - (context, US politics) Republican
- (film certification) restricted
- reverse
- right (as opposed to left)
- (context, handbells) ring
- (context, baseball, cricket) The statistic reporting the number of runs scored by a player
- Thursday
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| racemate |
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noun - (chemistry) a racemic mixture
- (chemistry) any salt or ester of racemic acid
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| racemic |
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adjective - (chemistry) containing equal amounts of dextrorotatory and levorotatory stereoisomers and therefore not being optically active; typically, will be synthetic rather than natural
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| racemic acid |
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noun - (chemistry) an equal mixture of the d- and l- forms of tartaric acid found in grape juice; the isomers can be separated via crystallization
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| racemization |
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noun - (chemistry) the formation of a racemate from a pure enantiomer
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| radiocarbon |
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noun
- A radioactive isotope of carbon, especially (nuclide, 14, 6, C)
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| radiochemistry |
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noun - (chemistry) the chemistry of radioactive substances
- (chemistry) the use of radioisotopes to study the kinetics of chemical reactions
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| radiostrontium |
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noun
- any radioactive isotope of strontium, especially (nuclide, 90, 38, Sr)
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| radium |
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noun
- a radioactive metallic chemical element (symbol Ra) with an atomic number of 88.
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| radon |
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noun
- A radioactive chemical element (symbol Rn, formerly Ro) with atomic number 86, one of the noble gases.
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| raffinate |
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noun
- (chemistry) a solution from which some material has been removed by extraction with an immiscible liquid
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| rape oil |
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noun
- a thick brownish-yellow oil expressed from rapeseed, used chiefly for lubricating and in the manufacture of soap and india-rubber
- The number of seconds taken by the oil to flow up to the 50 c.c. mark on the flask is noted, and the results brought into comparison with the viscosity of rape oil, that being the oil with which the apparatus is standardised.--Vivian Byam Lewes Oil Fuel (1913) vi. 177
- Rape-Oil is sweet, and on the contrary the Linseed bitter.--Pierre Pomet A Compleat History of Druggs (1712) I. 10
- Rape oyle that is used in Lampes and therefore called Lampe Oyle.--John Parkinson, Theatrum botanicum: the theater of plants, or an herball of a large extent (1640) 861
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| rare earth |
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noun - (chemistry) naturally occurring oxides of the lanthanide metals; they are widely distributed in relatively small concentrations and are used in glassmaking, ceramic glazes etc
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| react |
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verb - To act or perform a second time; to do over again; as, to react a play; the same scenes were reacted at Rome.
- To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force; as, every body reacts on the body that impels it from its natural state.
- To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.
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| reactant |
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noun - (chemistry) any of the participants present at the start of a chemical reaction
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| reaction |
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noun
- An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event
- The announcement of the verdict brought a violent .
- You were in the coutroom. What is your ?
- When I last tried to eat strawberries I had a terrible allergic .
- (chemistry) A transformation in which one or more substances is converted into another by combination or decomposition
- In this , the acid and base will neutralize each other, producing a salt.
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| reactivity |
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noun
- responsiveness to stimulation
- (chemistry) relative susceptability to chemical reaction
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| reactor |
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noun
- A person who behaves in response to a suggestion, stimulation or some other influence.
- A device which uses atomic energy to produce heat.
- A chemical substance which responds to the presence or contact with another substance.
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| reagent |
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noun
- (chemistry) A usually available or readily made compound or known mixture of compounds used to treat materials, samples, other compounds or reactants in a laboratory or sometimes an industrial setting.
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| receiver |
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noun
- A person who receives something.
- A person who acts as trustee for a bankrupt.
- A person who accepts stolen goods.
- (football) A person who accepts the ball after it has been snapped.
- Any of several electronic devices that receives signals and converts them into sound or vision
- A court administrator
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| rectify |
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verb (rectif, i, ed)
- (transitive) To correct or amend something.
- (transitive, chemistry) To purify or refine, especially by distillation.
- (transitive, electronics) To convert alternating current into direct current.
- (transitive) To add water to alcoholic spirit to adjust its proof.
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| red fire |
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noun
- a chemical mixture used in fireworks and flare, flares that burns with a bright red flame.
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| red lead |
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noun (-, sg=red lead)
- a bright red, poisonous oxide of lead, Pb3O4, used as a pigment and in glass and ceramics
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| redox |
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noun
- a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction
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| reducing agent |
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noun - (chemistry) any substance that reduces, or donates electrons to, another; in so doing, it becomes oxidized
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| reduction |
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noun
- The act, process, or result of reducing
- The amount by which something is reduced
- A 5% in robberies
- (chemistry) A reaction in which electrons are gained and valence is reduced; often by the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen
- (cooking) The process of rapidly boiling a sauce to concentrate it
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| reference electrode |
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noun - (chemistry),(physics) an electrode with a stable and accurately known electrode potential
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| reform |
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noun
- Amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; as, reform of elections; reform of government.
verb
- To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better; to amend; to correct; as, to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals.
- To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits; as, a person of settled habits of vice will seldom reform.
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| reforming |
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noun - (chemistry) a catalytic process, whereby short-chain molecules are combined to make larger ones; used in the petrochemical industry
verb
- (present participle of, reform)
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| residence |
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noun
- the place where one lives.
- the place where a corporation is established.
- a building used as a home.
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| residence time |
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noun
- (hydrology) The average time a particular molecule of water will remain in a body of water.
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| residuum |
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noun (residu, a)
- The solid material remaining after the liquid in which it was dissolved has been evaporated; a residue.
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| resin |
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noun - Any of various yellowish viscous liquids or soft solids of plant origin; used in lacquers, varnishes and many other applications; chemically they are mostly hydrocarbons, often polycyclic
- Any synthetic compound of similar properties
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| resinify |
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verb (resinifies, resinifying, resinified, resinified)
- To make or become a resin
- After putting the coated parts together, Jon waited for the chemical adhesive to resinify
- To become resin-like, resinous
- Exposed to the elements, over time the oil had resinified
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| resinous |
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adjective
- Of, or pertaining to, resin.
- Resin-like.
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| resist |
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noun
- a protective covering
verb
- to attempt to counter the actions or effects of someone or something (transitive)
- to withstand such actions (transitive)
- to oppose (intransitive)
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| resonance |
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noun
- The condition of being resonant.
- Something that evokes an association, or a strong emotion.
- (physics) The increase in the amplitude of an oscillation of a system under the influence of a periodic force whose frequency is close to that of the system's natural frequency.
- (context, nuclear physics) A short-lived subatomic particle that cannot be observed directly.
- 2004: When experiments with the first "atom-smashers" took place in the 1950s to 1960s, many short-lived heavier siblings of the proton and neutron, known as "resonances", were discovered. " Frank Close, Particle Physics: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2004, p. 35)
- An increase in the strength or duration of a musical tone produced by sympathetic vibration.
- (chemistry) The property of a compound that can be visualized as having two structures differing only in the distribution of electrons.
(rfc, reword/combine definitions - should be three?)
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| retort |
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noun
- A sharp or witty reply, or one which turns an argument against its originator.
- (chemistry) A flask with a rounded base and a long neck that is bent down and taper, tapered, used to heat a liquid for distillation.
- 1893, A large curved was boiling furiously in the bluish flame of a Bunsen burner, and the distilled drops were condensing into a two-litre measure. " Arthur Conan Doyle, "The Naval Treaty" (Norton 2005, p.670)
- A container in which material is subjected to high temperature, temperatures as part of an industrial manufacturing process, especially during the smelt, smelting and forge, forging of metal.
verb
- To say something sharp or witty in answer to a remark or accusation.
- To make a remark which reverses an argument upon its originator.
- To heat in a retort.
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| reverse osmosis |
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noun
- (chemistry) a technique whereby a solution is forced through a semipermeable membrane under pressure; used to generate drinkable water from sea water, or to separate chemical compounds
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| revive |
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verb (reviv, ing)
- To return to life; to recover life or strength; to live anew; to become reanimated or reinvigorated.
- The Lord heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child came into again, and he revived. 1 Kings xvii. 22.
- Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion, obscurity, neglect, or depression; as, classical learning revived in the fifteenth century.
- To recover its natural or metallic state, as a metal.
- To restore, or bring again to life; to reanimate.
- To raise from coma, languor, depression, or discouragement; to bring into action after a suspension.
- Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or disuse; as, to revive letters or learning.
- To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to recollection; to recall attention to; to reawaken.
- To restore or reduce to its natural or metallic state; as, to revive a metal after calcination.
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| rhodamine |
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noun - (chemistry) any of a class of pink to red polycyclic fluorone dyes
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| rhodium |
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noun
- a metallic chemical element (symbol Rh) with an atomic number of 45.
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| ricin |
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noun
- (context, protein, poison) A toxic protein extracted from the castor bean.
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| ricinoleic acid |
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noun - (fatty acid) An unsaturated fatty acid, 12-hydroxy-oleic acid, present in castor oil; used in textile finishing, ink and soap.
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| Ring |
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proper noun (infl, en, proper noun)
- An Irish family name.
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| RN |
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initialism
- Royal Navy
- registered nurse
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| rosin |
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noun
- (organic chemistry) A yellow-brown resin obtained from several conifers; used in inks, varnishes, adhesives etc; consists of a mixture of terpenoid acids, mostly abietic acid.
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| rubber |
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noun
- pliable, Pliable material derived from the sap of the rubber tree; a hydrocarbon polymer of isoprene.
- synthetic, Synthetic materials with the same properties as natural rubber.
- (italbrac, UK, Australia, Canada regional) An eraser.
- (North America) (slang) A condom.
- Someone or something which rubs.
- (baseball) The rectangular pad on the pitcher's mound from which the pitcher must pitch.
- Jones toes the and then fires to the plate.
- (North America; plural) Water resistant shoe covers, galoshes, wellingtons.
- Johnny, don't forget your rubbers today.
- (slang) tire, Tires, particularly racing tires.
- Jones enters the pits to get new .
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| rubberize |
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verb - To coat with rubber or a similar material.
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| rubidium |
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noun
- a metallic chemical element (symbol Rb) with an atomic number of 37.
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| ruthenium |
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noun
- a metallic chemical element (symbol Ru) with an atomic number of 44.
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| rutherfordium |
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noun - A transuranic chemical element (symbol Rf) with an atomic number of 104.
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