English

Etymology 1
From Old French abstract, or from Latin abstractus, past participle of abstrahere, formed from abs- "away" + trahere "to draw".

Pronunciation
AHD|�b'str�kt", IPA|/�æbstrækt/, SAMPA|/"{b%str{kt/

Noun
en-noun

1. An abridgement or summary.

#* w:Watts|Watts � An abstract of every treatise he had read.

1. Something that concentrates in itself the qualities of something else.

#* w:Ford|Ford � Man, the abstract Of all perfection, which the workmanship Of Heaven hath modeled.

1. An abstraction; an #Adjective|abstract term.
2. art An abstract work of art.
3. That which is abstract.

#* w:John Stuart Mill|John Stuart Mill � The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the abstracts "paternity" and "filiety".

1. medicine A powdered solid extract of a vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the original substance.

Synonyms
(statement summarizing the important points of a text): abridgment, compendium, epitome, synopsis

Derived terms
abstract of title

Translations
trans-top|an abrigement or summary
Catalan: resum, m
Croatian: sažetak#Croatian|sažetak m
Danish: abstrakt
Dutch: samenvatting, korte inhoud
Finnish: tiivistelmä
French: abstract#French|abstract m, résumé m
German: Auszug m, Zusammenfassung f
Hindi: सारा�श (saaraansh), नि��ड (nichoD)
Italian: estratto m, sunto m, compendio m
Japanese: �� (����, gaiy�), �� (y�yaku)
trans-mid
Marathi: सारा�श (saaraaunsh), ��षवारा (goShawaaraa)
Norwegian: sammendrag n, oppsummering m, utdrag n, [[referat] n
Portuguese: resumo m, sumário m
Russian: кон�пек� m, �е�е�а� m
Swedish: referat n, sammandrag n, sammanfattning c, utdrag n
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trans-top|something that concentrates in itself the qualities of something else
Catalan: xifra, f
Finnish: aineellistuma
Hindi: नि��ड (nichoD)
trans-mid
Norwegian: sammenfatning m
trans-bottom

trans-top|an abstraction
Catalan: abstracció, f
Croatian: apstrakcija#Croatian|apstrakcija f
Dutch: abstractie
Finnish: käsite, abstraktio
Hindi: �म�र�त (amoort)
trans-mid
Japanese: �象�� (���������, chūsh�tekina)
Marathi: �म�र�त (amoort)
Norwegian: distraksjon n
trans-bottom

trans-top|an abstract work of art
Dutch: #Dutch|abstract kunstwerk
Finnish: abstrakti teos
Hindi: �म�र�त (amoort)
Japanese: �象派� (��������, chūsh�hano)
trans-mid
Marathi: �म�र�त (amoort)
Norwegian: abstrakt
Swedish: abstrakt n
trans-bottom

trans-top|that which is abstract
Dutch: (een) #Dutch|abstract iets
Finnish: käsite
Hindi: �म�र�त (amoort)
Japanese: �象�� (���������, chūsh�tekina)
trans-mid
Marathi: �म�र�त (amoort)
Norwegian: abstraksjon m
Swedish: abstrakt n
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trans-top|an extract of a vegetable substance
Dutch: uittreksel
Croatian: ekstrakt#Croatian|ekstrakt m
Finnish: uute
Hindi: नि��ड (nichoD)
trans-mid
Japanese: �� (������, chūshutsu)
Marathi: सत�त�व (satw)
Norwegian: ekstrakt
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checktrans-top
ttbc|Indonesian: abstrak
ttbc|Interlingua: abstracto, summario
ttbc|Korean: �� (gaeyo)
ttbc|Novial: abstraktu, abstraktetu
ttbc|Spanish: extracto m
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Adjective
en-adj

1. obsolete extract|Extracted.
2. Considered apart from any application to a particular object; removed from; apart from; separate; abstracted.

#* 17th century: w:Norris|Noris, The Oxford Dictionary - The more abstract we are from the body ... the more fit we shall be to behold divine light.

1. Absent in mind.
2. Apart from practice or reality; not concrete; ideal; vague; theoretical; impersonal.
3. Difficult to understand; abstruse.
4. art Free from representational qualities.
5. logic general|General (as opposed to particular).

#* w:John Stuart Mill|John Stuart Mill - A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression "abstract name" to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes.

Synonyms
(not applied or practical): conceptual, theoretical
(insufficiently factual): formal
(difficult to understand): abstruse

Antonyms
(not applied or practical): applied, practical
(considered apart from concrete existence): concrete

Derived terms
abstractly
abstractness
abstract idea
abstract noun
abstract numbers
abstract terms

Translations
trans-top|extracted
Dutch: onttrokken
Finnish: uuttaa|uutettu
trans-mid
trans-bottom

trans-top|separate
Dutch: afgezonderd, gescheiden
Finnish: erillinen
French: abstrait
Italian: teorico
trans-mid
Portuguese: abstrato
Norwegian: abstrakt
Russian: аб���ак�н�й (abstráktnyj)
Swedish: abstrakt
trans-bottom

trans-top|absent in mind
Dutch: afwezig, verstrooid
Finnish: poissaoleva
trans-mid
Norwegian: distrahert
trans-bottom

trans-top|apart from practice or reality; not concrete
Catalan: abstracte
Dutch: #Dutch|abstract, theoretisch
Estonian: abstraktne
Finnish: teoreettinen
German: abstrakt
Italian: astratto, teorico
trans-mid
Japanese: �象�� (���������, chūsh�tekina)
Norwegian: abstrakt
Portuguese: abstrato
Russian: аб���ак�н�й (abstráktnyj)
Swedish: abstrakt, teoretisk
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trans-top|difficult to understand
Catalan: abstracte
Dutch: #Dutch|abstract, vaag, algemeen
Finnish: vaikeaselkoinen
French: abstrait
trans-mid
Italian: astruso
Norwegian: abstrakt
Swedish: djupsinnig, svårfattlig
trans-bottom

trans-top|free from representational qualities
Catalan: abstracte
Dutch: #Dutch|abstract
Finnish: abstrakti
trans-mid
Japanese: �象�� (���������, chūsh�tekina)
Norwegian: abstrakt
trans-bottom

trans-top|general as opposed to particular
Dutch: algemeen
Finnish: yleinen
trans-mid
Japanese: �象�� (���������, chūsh�tekina)
trans-bottom

checktrans-top
ttbc|Indonesian: abstrak
ttbc|Interlingua: abstracte
ttbc|Korean: ���� (chusangjeokin)
ttbc|Novial: abstrakti or abstraktet
ttbc|Spanish: abstracto
ttbc|Turkish: soyut, abstre
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Etymology 2
From Latin abstractum, past participle of abstrahere; also from the adjective.

Pronunciation
AHD|�b"str�kt', IPA|/�b�strækt/, SAMPA|/%{b"str{kt/

Verb
en-verb

1. transitive To separate; to remove; to take away.

#* w:Walter Scott|Walter Scott - He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution abstracted from his own prejudices.

1. transitive To withdraw.
2. transitive (euphemistic) To steal; to take away; to remove without permission.

#* w:W. Black|W. Black - Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins from the harness.

1. transitive art To create artistic abstractions of.
2. transitive To summarize; to abridge; to epitomize.
3. transitive To consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself.
4. transitive To draw off (interest or attention).

#: He was wholly abstracted by other objects.
#* w:William Blackwood|William Blackwood, Blackwood's Magazine - The young stranger had been abstracted and silent.

1. transitive obsolete To extract by means of distillation.
2. intransitive To withdraw oneself; to retire.
3. intransitive rare To perform the process of abstraction.

#* w:Berkeley|Berkeley - I own myself able to abstract in one sense.

1. intransitive computing To produce an abstraction, usually by refactoring existing code. Generally used with "out".

#: He abstracted out the square root function.

Synonyms
(to remove, separate, take away, or withdraw): remove, separate, take away, withdraw
(to abridge, epitomize, or summarize): abridge, epitomize, summarize
(to filch, purloin, or steal): filch, purloin, steal

Derived terms
abstractable
abstracted
abstracter
abstractor

Related terms
abstraction
abstractive
abstractum

Translations
trans-top|to separate; to remove; to take away
Dutch: afzonderen
French: abstraire
Hindi: �ल� �रना, नि�ाल द�ना
Italian: rimuovere, sottrarre, estrarre
trans-mid
Japanese: �� (toru)
Marathi: व��ळ� �रण�, �ाढ�न �ा�ण�
Portuguese: abstrair
Swedish: abstrahera, skilja av, skilja ut, ta bort
trans-bottom

trans-top|to withdraw
Dutch: terugtrekken
Finnish: vetää
German: entziehen
Greek: α�αι��
trans-mid
Hindi: पि�� �ना
Marathi: मा�� य�ण�
trans-bottom

trans-top|to steal
Dutch: ontvreemden
Finnish: poistaa
Italian: sottrarre
trans-mid
Portuguese: roubar
Swedish: knycka, stjäla, nalla, sno
trans-bottom

trans-top|to create an artistic abstraction of
Dutch: abstraheren
Finnish: abstrahoida
Hindi: �म�र�त �ला��त� �रना
trans-mid
Marathi: �म�र�त �ला��त� �रण�
trans-bottom

trans-top|to abridge, epitomize, or summarize
Dutch: samenvatten
Finnish: tiivistää
French: abstraire
Hindi: सारा�श �रना
Italian: riassumere
trans-mid
Marathi: सारा�श �रण�
Portuguese: resumir, sumariar
Swedish: göra sammandrag av, sammanfatta,
trans-bottom

trans-top|to consider abstractly
Dutch: abstraheren
Finnish: tuumia
German: abstrahieren
Hindi: �म�र�तर�पस� ल�ना
trans-mid
Marathi: �म�र�तपण� ��ण�
trans-bottom

trans-top|to draw off
Dutch: afleiden
Finnish: viedä huomio
trans-mid
trans-bottom

trans-top|to extract by means of distillation
Dutch: onttrekken
Finnish: uuttaa
trans-mid
trans-bottom

trans-top|to withdraw oneself
Dutch: zich terugtrekken
Finnish: vetäytyä
trans-mid
trans-bottom

trans-top|to perform the process of abstraction
Dutch: abstraheren
Hindi: �म�र�ति�रन �रना
Italian: astrarre
trans-mid
Marathi: �म�र�ति�रण �रण�
Novial: abstrakte
Russian: аб���аги�ова�� (abstragírovat�)
Swedish: abstrahera
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Translations to be checked
checktrans

ttbc|Interlingua: abstraher
ttbc|Korean: �리��, ����
ttbc|Novial: abstrakte
ttbc|Spanish: extractar
ttbc|Turkish: soyutlamak

References
R:Webster 1913

Category:English heteronyms

ar:abstract
be:abstract
de:abstract
el:abstract
es:abstract
fa:abstract
fr:abstract
ko:abstract
io:abstract
id:abstract
it:abstract
hu:abstract
ml:abstract
nl:abstract
pt:abstract
ru:abstract
simple:abstract
fi:abstract
sv:abstract
ta:abstract
te:abstract
vi:abstract
tr:abstract
uk:abstract
zh:abstract

• 2007-12-28 22:14 - VolkovBot - robot Adding: [[de:abstract]]

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