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Glossary of Geology Terms
beginning with letter A
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accelerograph Tweet Definition of accelerograph Like Definition of accelerograph on Facebook
noun 
  1. (Military): An apparatus for studying the combustion of powder in guns, etc.
     
accident Tweet Definition of accident Like Definition of accident on Facebook
noun 
  1. Literally, a befalling; an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency; often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; as, to die by an
    • Shakespeare, Othello, I-iii:
    • : Of moving accidents by flood and field.
    • Trench:
    • : Thou cam'st not to thy place by : It is the very place God meant for thee.
      1. (grammar) A property attached to a word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.
      2. (military) An unplanned event that results in injury (including death) or occupational illness to person(s) and/or damage to property, exclusive of injury and/or damage caused by action of an enemy or hostile force.
      3. (context, Heraldry) A point or mark which may be retained or omitted in a coat of arms
      4. (logic) A property or quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as whiteness in paper; an attribute
      5. (logic) A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as sweetness, softness.
      6. Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an .
    • w:J. P. Mahaffy, J. P. Mahaffy:
    • : This , as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from the sea.
      1. (obsolete) unusual, Unusual appearance or effect - Chaucer
      2. casus; such unforeseen, extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of ordinary calculation.
     
ACID Tweet Definition of ACID Like Definition of ACID on Facebook
initialism 
  1. analysis console for intrusion databases
  2. (databases) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability (see Wikipedia:ACID, Wikipedia article on this topic)
     
acidic Tweet Definition of acidic Like Definition of acidic on Facebook
adjective 
  1. Being sour or having the strength to neutralize alkalis, or turning a blue litmus paper red.
  2. (mineralogy) Containing a high percentage of silica; -- opposed to basic.
  3. Of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid, as an acidic solution.
     
active Tweet Definition of active Like Definition of active on Facebook
noun 
  1. A person or thing that is acting or capable of acting.
adjective (WikiSaurus?-link, active)
  1. Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting; — opposed to passive, that receives; as, certain active principles; the powers of the mind.
  2. Quick in physical movement; of an agile and vigorous body; nimble; as, an active child or animal.
  3. In action; actually proceeding; working; in force; — opposed to quiescent, dormant, or extinct.
active laws
active hostilities
an active volcano
  1. Given to action; constantly engaged in action; energetic; diligent; busy; — opposed to dull, sluggish, indolent, or inert; as, an active man of business; active mind; active zeal.
  2. Requiring or implying action or exertion; — opposed to sedentary or to tranquil; as, active employment or service; active scenes.
  3. Given to action rather than contemplation; practical; operative; — opposed to speculative or theoretical; as, an active rather than a speculative statesman.
  4. Brisk; lively; as, an active demand for corn.
  5. Implying or producing rapid action.
an active disease
an active remedy
  1. (grammar)
  1. Applied to a form of the verb; — opposed to passive. See active voice.
  2. Applied to verbs which assert that the subject acts upon or affects something else; transitive.
  3. Applied to all verbs that express action as distinct from mere existence or state.
  4. (italbrac, gay sexual slang)
  5. (italbrac, of a homosexual man) enjoying a role in anal sex in which he penetrates, rather than being penetrated by his partner
  6. such a role in anal sex
     
advance Tweet Definition of advance Like Definition of advance on Facebook
noun 
  1. A forward move.
  2. An amount of money or credit, especially given as a loan, or paid before it is due.
  3. (in plural) An opening approach or overture, especially of an unwelcome or sexual nature.
verb (advanc, ing)
  1. To bring forward; to move towards the van or front; to make to go on.
They . . . advanced their eyelids. "Shakespeare
  1. To raise to a higher rank; to promote.
  2. To accelerate the growth or progress; to further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten.
to the ripening of fruit
to one's interests
  1. To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose; to show.
to an argument
  1. To make earlier, as an event or date; to hasten.
  2. To furnish, as money or other value, before it becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand.
Merchants often money on a contract or on goods consigned to them.
  1. To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise in rate.
to the price of goods
  1. (intransitive) To move forwards, to approach.
adjective 
  1. completed, Completed before need or a milestone event.
He made an payment on the prior shipment to show good faith.
  1. preceding, Preceding.
The man came a month before the candidate.
  1. forward, Forward.
The scouts found a site for an base.
     
aftershock Tweet Definition of aftershock Like Definition of aftershock on Facebook
noun 
  1. An earthquake that follows in the same vicinity as another, usually larger earthquake (the mainshock).
  2. By extension, any result or consequence following a major event.
     
aggregate Tweet Definition of aggregate Like Definition of aggregate on Facebook
noun 
  1. A mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; something consisting of elements but considered as a whole.
  2. A mass formed by the union of homogeneous particles; " in distinction from a compound, formed by the union of heterogeneous particles.
  3. The full chromatic or the set of all twelve pitch classes, usually presented by two or more voices near-simultaneity, simultaneously in hexachords. (DeLone? et. al. (Eds.), 1975, chap. 6) (rfc, music definition needs rewritten because the current one is copyrighted)
  4. Solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements, especially the gravel and sand added to concrete. (technical)
verb (aggregat, ing)
  1. (transitive) To bring together; to collect into a mass or sum. The aggregated soil.
  2. (transitive) To add or unite, as, a person, to an association.
  3. (transitive) To amount in the aggregate to; as, ten loads, aggregating five hundred bushels.
adjective 
  1. Formed by a collection of particulars into a whole mass or sum; collective; combined; added up
  2. consisting or formed of smaller objects or parts.
  3. Formed into clusters or groups of lobules; as, aggregate glands.
  4. Composed of several florets within a common involucre, as in the daisy; or of several carpels formed from one flower, as in the raspberry.
  5. Having the several component parts adherent to each other only to such a degree as to be separable by mechanical means.
  6. United into a common organized mass; said of certain compound animals.
     
alluvial Tweet Definition of alluvial Like Definition of alluvial on Facebook
adjective 
  1. pertaining to the soil deposited by a stream (alluvium).
     
alluvial plain Tweet Definition of alluvial plain Like Definition of alluvial plain on Facebook
noun 
  1. The plain formed by the deposition of sediment from the periodic flooding of a river
     
alluvium Tweet Definition of alluvium Like Definition of alluvium on Facebook
noun 
  1. soil, clay, silt or gravel deposited by flowing water, as it slows, in a river bed, delta, estuary or flood plain
     
anamorphic Tweet Definition of anamorphic Like Definition of anamorphic on Facebook
adjective 
  1. producing various optically distorted images
  2. of or relating to the gradual evolution of different types of organism
     
anticline Tweet Definition of anticline Like Definition of anticline on Facebook
noun 
  1. (geology) A fold with strata sloping downwards on each side.
     
apron Tweet Definition of apron Like Definition of apron on Facebook
noun 
  1. An article of clothing worn over the front of the torso and/or legs for protection from spills.
  2. The paved area of an airport.
  3. The sides of a trees canopy
     
aquifer Tweet Definition of aquifer Like Definition of aquifer on Facebook
noun  (plural: aquifers)
<!--Alternatively, if the noun has standard English plural, you may use the "" template. Otherwise, use one of these templates to show the plural form:
(irregular_plural_form) -->
  1. An underground layer of water-bearing porous stone, earth, or gravel
The water from the well came from an .
     
Archaean Tweet Definition of Archaean Like Definition of Archaean on Facebook
noun 
  1. (geology) the Archaean eon
adjective 
  1. (geology) of, or relating to the geologic eon from about 3,800 to 2,500 million years ago; comprises the Eoarchean, Paleoarchean, Mesoarchean and Neoarchean eras; marked by an atmosphere with little oxygen, the formation of the first continents and oceans and the emergence of simple life
     
Archeozoic Tweet Definition of Archeozoic Like Definition of Archeozoic on Facebook
noun 
  1. The Archaean Eon.
adjective 
  1. Pertaining to the Archaean Eon.
     
argillaceous Tweet Definition of argillaceous Like Definition of argillaceous on Facebook
adjective 
  1. pertaining to clay; made of, containing, or resembling clay
  • 1994: The gleam of the land is in its rocks, the fine-grained rocks, here, not purple or grey, but green of living stone. (Winterson, Art & Lies)
     
arroyo Tweet Definition of arroyo Like Definition of arroyo on Facebook
noun 
  1. A water course; a rivulet.
     
asthenosphere Tweet Definition of asthenosphere Like Definition of asthenosphere on Facebook
noun 
  1. (geology) the zone of the Earth's upper mantle, below the lithosphere
     
astrobleme Tweet Definition of astrobleme Like Definition of astrobleme on Facebook
noun 
  1. (geology) A geological structure created by an impacting meteoroid, asteroid or comet.
     
atmophile Tweet Definition of atmophile Like Definition of atmophile on Facebook
noun 
  1. (chemistry), (geology) in the Goldschmidt classification, a gaseous element that concentrates in the atmosphere
     
atoll Tweet Definition of atoll Like Definition of atoll on Facebook
noun 
  1. A type of island consisting of a ribbon reef that nearly or entirely surrounds a lagoon and supports, in most cases, one to many islets on the reef platform. Atolls have a unique geology, so not all islands with a reef and a lagoon are atolls.
     
aureole Tweet Definition of aureole Like Definition of aureole on Facebook
noun 
  1. (astronomy) Corona.
  2. A circle of light or halo around the head of a deity.
  3. (context, by extension) Any luminous or colored ring that encircles something.
     
autochthon Tweet Definition of autochthon Like Definition of autochthon on Facebook
noun (pl2=autochthones)
  1. The earliest inhabitant of an area, an aboriginal.
  2. (geology) An autochthonous rock formation.
     
autochthonous Tweet Definition of autochthonous Like Definition of autochthonous on Facebook
adjective 
  1. native, Native to the place where found; indigenous.
    • 1889, Justin Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. I, p. 375.
    • :Two of the most celebrated of the evolutionists reject the view, for Darwin's Descent of Man and Haeckel's Hist. of Creation consider the American man an emigrant from the old world, whatever way the race may have developed
      1. (context, biology, medicine) originating, Originating, where found.
      2. (geology) buried, Buried in place, especially of a fossil preserved in its life position without disturbance or disarticulation.
    • 1992 " Anna K. Behrensmeyer, et al., Terrestrial Ecosystems Through Time, page 83
    • :Death and burial may be simultaneous, resulting in a preserved snapshot of an assemblage that may be compared directly with present day ecosystems.
     
azoic Tweet Definition of azoic Like Definition of azoic on Facebook
adjective 
  1. Destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life; anterior to the existence of animal life; formed when there was no animal life on the globe; as, the azoic rocks.
     

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