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Abenaki

proper noun

A complex of dialects of one of the Eastern Algonquian languages, originally spoken in what is now Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.

Abenaki

proper noun

A complex of dialects of one of the Eastern Algonquian languages, originally spoken in what is now Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.

Abkhaz

noun (pl=Abkhaz)

A person who is from Abkhazia.

proper noun (wikipedia, Abkhaz language)

A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in Abkhazia.

Abkhazian

noun

A person who is from Abkhazia.

proper noun

The Abkhaz language, spoken in Abkhazia.

adjective

Of or pertaining to Abkhazia.

Acadian

noun

A native of Acadie.

adjective

Of or pertaining to Acadie

Note: The 1913 Webster also used this in reference to Nova Scotia.

Quotations

farmers - Longfellow

Acadian

noun

A native of Acadie.

adjective

Of or pertaining to Acadie

Note: The 1913 Webster also used this in reference to Nova Scotia.

Quotations

farmers - Longfellow

Acadian

noun

A native of Acadie.

adjective

Of or pertaining to Acadie

Note: The 1913 Webster also used this in reference to Nova Scotia.

Quotations

farmers - Longfellow

Achinese

proper noun

A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia.

initialism

Air Force

Afar

proper noun

A Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti.
The people speaking this language and residing in these regions.
A region in Ethiopia.

Afar

proper noun

A Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti.
The people speaking this language and residing in these regions.
A region in Ethiopia.

Afghan

noun

A person from Afghanistan or of Afghan descent.
A person of Pashtun ethnicity or of Pashtun descent.

proper noun

Ethnic Pashtun
Pashto, a language primarily spoken in southern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.

adjective

Of, from, or pertaining to Afghanistan.
Of, from, or pertaining to the Pashtun ethnic community.

Afghan

noun

A person from Afghanistan or of Afghan descent.
A person of Pashtun ethnicity or of Pashtun descent.

proper noun

Ethnic Pashtun
Pashto, a language primarily spoken in southern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.

adjective

Of, from, or pertaining to Afghanistan.
Of, from, or pertaining to the Pashtun ethnic community.

Afghan

noun

A person from Afghanistan or of Afghan descent.
A person of Pashtun ethnicity or of Pashtun descent.

proper noun

Ethnic Pashtun
Pashto, a language primarily spoken in southern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.

adjective

Of, from, or pertaining to Afghanistan.
Of, from, or pertaining to the Pashtun ethnic community.

afghani

noun (wikipedia, Afghan afghani)

A monetary currency being used in Afghanistan, divided into 100 pul.

afghani

noun (wikipedia, Afghan afghani)

A monetary currency being used in Afghanistan, divided into 100 pul.

Africa

proper noun

The continent that is south of Europe, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of the Indian Ocean and north of Antarctica. It holds the following countries:

Central Africa

Central African Republic
Chad
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo

Eastern Africa

Burundi
Comoros
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Seychelles
Rwanda
Somalia " Somaliland " Puntland
Tanzania
Uganda

Northern Africa

Algeria
Ceuta
Egypt
Libya
Mauritania
Melilla
Morocco
Sudan
Tunisia
Western Sahara

Southern Africa

Angola
Botswana
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Reunion
Swaziland
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe

Western Africa

Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Cí´te d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
The Gambia
Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo

African

noun

A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race.

adjective

Of or pertaining to Africa.

African-American

noun

A black American.
(nonstandard) Any black person.

adjective (pos=African-American)

(of a person) American and black.
(nonstandard, of a person) Black.
Of or pertaining to the culture of African American people.

Afrikaans

proper noun

A Germanic language descending from Dutch; the primary language of the descendants of Dutch and other European settlers, as well as many mixed-race (e.g. Rehoboth Baster) living in South Africa and in Namibia. Also, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa and until 1990 one of three official languages of Namibia.
A term sometimes used of people from South Africa and Namibia (who speak Afrikaans), more properly called "Afrikaans people" or Afrikaners.

adjective

Of or pertaining to the Afrikaans language.

Afrikaner

noun

A member of an ethnic group of northwestern European ancestry and associated with southern Africa and the Afrikaans language.
A breed of cattle, aka Afrikander.

Afro-American

proper noun also African-American

A resident of the United States who is of African heritage.

adjective also African-American

Of African American heritage or culture

Afroasiatic

adjective (pos=Afro-, AfroAsiatic?, asiatic, -)

Of, pertaining to, or being a language family spoken in northern Africa and southwest Asia, and including Semitic, Egyptian, Berber, Omotic, Cushitic, and Chadic languages.

Ainu

proper noun

An ethnic group on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido.
The endangered language spoken by the Ainu ethnic group, generally considered a language isolate with no known relation to other languages.

adjective

Of or pertaining to the Ainu ethnic group or their language.

Akan

proper noun

A people who inhabit Ghana and Cí´te d'Ivoire.
The Niger-Congo language spoken by these people.
A group of languages spoken in Ghana.
A volcano in Hokkaido, Japan.

adjective

Of or pertaining to the Akan people.
Of or pertaining to the Akan language and other related languages.

akkad

noun Akkad

One of the ancient kingdoms of Mesopotamia (northern Babylonia).
Also called Agade. A city in and the capital of this kingdom, one

of the three cities of Nimrod's kingdom. Gen. 10:10.

Akkadian

proper noun

The now extinct Semitic language of ancient Mesopotamia, formerly used as an international language of diplomacy.
A Semitic inhabitant of the region of Mesopotamia near the city of Akkad.

adjective

Of or pertaining to the Akkadian language of ancient Mesopotamia.
Of or pertaining to the Akkadian empire, Empire.

abbreviation

Alabama, a state of the United States of America.
(baseball) The American League

Albanian

noun

A person from Albania or of Albanian descent.

proper noun

The language spoken by the Albanian people, primarily spoken in Albania. (ISO language codes: alb/sqi/sq)

adjective

Of, from, or pertaining to Albania, the Albanian people or the Albanian language.

Alemannic

noun

The language, closely related to German, spoken in certain parts of South Germany, Switzerland, Austria and France. In several cantons in Switzerland it is an official language. Immigrants who wish to become citizens of these cantons must pass an exam in this dialect, called locally "Schwyzerdí¼tsch".

Algonkin

proper noun

Variant spelling of Algonquin.

Algonquian

adjective

Relating to a group of North American languages.

Algonquin

noun

A member of an aboriginal North American people closely related to the Odawa and Ojibwe, and living mainly in Quebec.

proper noun

The language spoken by the Algonquins, a transitional language between Ojibwe and Abenaki.

Altaic

adjective

Of or pertaining to a group of languages that includes the Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Manchusic, Japanese and Korean languages. The most familiar modern languages of this group include Turkish, Mongolian, Japanese and Korean.

American English

proper noun

A dialect of the English language that is chiefly spoken in the United States.

Compare British English.

An orthography of the English language that is chiefly used in the United States. Compare Commonwealth English.

American Indian

proper noun

A member of the indigenous peoples of America, especially North America.

Amerind

noun

a Native American, an American Indian

Amharic

proper noun

A Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia.

Amoy

proper noun

a city, now officially known as Xiamen, in southern China
the Jiulong Jiang river
The w:Amoy (linguistics), Amoy language/dialect

anglo

prefix

A combining form meaning the same as English; or English and, or English conjoined with; as, Anglo-Turkish treaty, Anglo-German, Anglo-Irish.

Anglo-French

proper noun

variant, Variant of Anglo-Norman.

adjective

Of or pertaining to England and France or the people thereof.
Of or pertaining to the Anglo-Norman dialect.

Anglo-Latin

proper noun

medieval, Medieval Latin as used in England.

Anglo-Norman

proper noun

A Norman who settled in England after the Norman Conquest, or a descendant of one.
The dialect of Old French spoken by these Normans, or the form of this dialect used in English law until the 17th century.

adjective (pos=Anglo-Norman, -)

Pertaining to the period of Norman rule of England, 1066"1154.
Pertaining to Norman in England after the Norman Conquest.
Relating to their dialect.

Anglo-Saxon

proper noun

The ancestor language of modern English, also called Old English, spoken in Britain from about 400 AD to 1100 AD. The language is a more inflected language, maintaining strong and weak verbs, nouns, and adjectives. It has a clearly marked subjunctive mood, and has five cases of nouns and adjectives.
Germanic peoples inhabiting medií¦val England.
A person of British or North European descent.

adjective

Related to the Anglo-Saxon peoples or language.
Related to nations which speak primarily English; especially United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia.
(economics) Favouring a liberal free market economy.
Descended from white English or North European settlers.

Apache

proper noun

Any of several Athabascan-speaking peoples of the American Southwest excluding Navajo, i.e. Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Plains Apache, or Western Apache.
A person belonging to an Apache people.
The languages of the Apache peoples.
A Parisian gangster.
An open source HTTP server.
The town of Apache, Oklahoma (zipcode 73006)
A military helicopter

Arab

proper noun

A person of Arab origin.
A breed of horse.

adjective

of or pertaining to Arabs and their nations

Arabian

noun

A native of Arabia.
An Arabian horse.

adjective

related to Arabia

Arabic

proper noun

A major Semitic language originating from the Arabian peninsula, and now spoken natively (in various spoken dialects, all sharing a single highly conservative standardized literary form) throughout large sections of the Middle East and North Africa. (ISO abbreviations: ar, ara)
The Aramaic-derived alphabet used to write the Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, and Uyghur languages, among others.

adjective

Of, from, or pertaining to Arab country, countries or cultural behaviour (see also Arab as an adjective).

Aragonese

noun (pl=Aragonese)

A person from Aragon.

proper noun

The language of Aragon, nowadays only spoken as a mother tongue by a few thousand people in some valleys of the Pyrenees.
The Spanish language spoken in Aragon when influenced by Aragonese traits.

adjective

Of, from, or pertaining to Aragon, the Aragonese people or the Aragonese language.

Aramaic

proper noun (plural: Aramaics)

A language in the Semitic language group:
The language of the Aramaeans from the tenth century BC.
The language of the administration in the Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian empires from the seventh to fourth centuries BC.
The language of portions of the Hebrew Bible, mainly the books of Ezra and Daniel.
The language of Jesus of Nazareth.
The language of Jewish targums, midrash and the Talmuds.
The liturgical language of various Christian churchs: often called Syriac.
The liturgical language of the Mandaeans: usually called Mandaic.

adjective

Referring to the Aramaic language, alphabet, culture or poetry.

Arapaho

noun (pl=Arapaho)

A member of the Arapaho people

proper noun

A Native American people of Wyoming and Oklahoma.
The Algonquian language of this people.

Arcadian

noun

An inhabitant of ancient Arcadia.
An ideal rustic.

adjective

Pertaining to ancient Arcadia.
Ideally rustic.

ARM

initialism

accelerated reply mail: a service of the United States Postal Service
adjustable rate mortgage

Armenian

noun

A person from Armenia or of Armenian descent.

proper noun

The language of Armenia and the Armenian people.

adjective

Of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, the Armenian people, the Armenian language, or the Armenian alphabet.

Arunta

proper noun

An aboriginal language of Australia

Aryan

noun

(context, theosophy, Germanic mysticism, nazism) A member of an (alleged) master race comprised of non-Jewish Caucasians, especially those of Nordic or Germanic descent.

- 1925"26, w:Adolf Hitler, Adolf Hitler, w:Mein Kampf, Mein Kampf, translation from German to English by James Murphy, 1939
- : This short sketch of the changes that take place among those races that are only the depositories of a culture also furnishes a picture of the development and the activity and the disappearance of those who are the true founders of culture on this earth, namely the Aryans themselves.
  1. (context, colloquial, neo-Nazi or white supremacist ideology) A person of Caucasian ethnicity; a white non-Jew.
- 2001, w:Robert J. Sternberg, Robert J. Sternberg, w:James C. Kaufman, James C. Kaufman, The Evolution of Intelligence, http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN080583267X&id=xgQ1MKljVuIC&pg=RA1-PA300&lpg=RA1-PA300&ots=a6fyeWdqS-&dq=Aryan+supremacist&sig=JtN37BGr1UJCEoVuV20zeZBXT60 Page 300
- : One transmission advantage may have been that espousing -supremacist and overtly Nazi ideology could have been a roundabout way of announcing, …
- 2002, w:David R. Goldfield, David R. Goldfield, Still Fighting the Civil War: The American South and Southern History, http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0807129607&id=7niy-coNLLcC&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&ots=YKDnkg0JmM&dq=Aryan+supremacist&sig=vTfH03uhh_OR6k57KCWbr6KMNEk page 263
- : The point is not that southern Republicans are edging toward -supremacist views but that the rhetoric of their campaigns and some of their political "
  1. (context, by extension, primarily US, colloquial, euphemistic) A Caucasian racist, often one who is an Aryan in the first sense.
- 2004, w:John Lawton, John Lawton, Bluffing Mr. Churchill
- : Cal tried to think of words that would convey Wolfgang Stahl to the ears and hands of a woman who"d never seen him and never, until now, had to imagine him.
- : "
- : "Why not . . . why not think of your chap as a type? Tell me what type you"d sort of put him into."
- : "Sort of?"
- : "You know . . . roughly."
- : "He"s an ."
- : "Ah, one of those, eh? Odd when you think about it. I mean. How did they arrive at blue-eyed blonds as a racial type? Hitler"s short and dark and looks like Charlie Chaplin. Goebbels is short and ugly and looks like a rat. And as for Goering " well is that what Billy Bunter grew up to be?"
  1. (context, now, _, rare) An Indo-Iranian.
  2. (context, now, _, rare) An Indo-European, a Proto-Indo-European.
- 1905, w:Rossiter Johnson, Rossiter Johnson, LL.D., chief editor, The Great Events by Famous Historians, volume IV
- : We have seen that when the Goths first entered Roman territory they were driven on by a vast migration of the Asiatic Huns. These wild and hideous tribes then " appeared upon the Rhine, and in enormous numbers penetrated Gaul. No people had yet understood them, none had even checked their career. The white races seemed helpless against this "yellow peril", this "Scourge of God", as Attila was called. Goths and Romans and all the varied tribes which were ranging in perturbed whirl through unhappy Gaul laid aside their lesser enmities and met in common cause against this terrible invader. The battle of Chí¢lons, 451, was the most tremendous struggle in which Turanian was ever matched against , the one huge bid of the stagnant, unprogressive races, for earth"s mastery.
  1. (context, ethnography, now, _, obsolete, in 19th century ethnography) A subdivision of the Caucasian race, which comprised the Aryans, the Semites, and the Hamites, or the accompanying linguistic subdivision.
- 1892, w:Charles Morris, Charles Morris, The Aryan Race: Its Origins and Its Achievements
- : The Caucasian race includes two sub-races, " the Xantho-chroic and Melanochroic of Huxley. The seat of this race is Europe, northern Africa, and southwestern Asia, its linguistic division being into Aryans, Semites, and Hamites.
- 1900, w:Frank Moore Colby, Frank Moore Colby, Outlines of General History
- : The surest principle of classification is based on language, but the results must be tested by a study of the physical characteristics of the various races. According to this method of classification, the races of the world may be divided as follows: Aryan, Semitic, Hamitic, Turanian, Negroid. The name Caucasian is generally applied to the first three divisions, " Aryans, Semites, and Hamites. Aryan. " This includes the ancient Hindus " the Persians, Greeks, Italians, Celts, Teutons, and Slavs.

adjective

Pertaining, in racial theory, theories, to the (alleged) Aryan master race.

- 1925"26, w:Adolf Hitler, Adolf Hitler, w:Mein Kampf, Mein Kampf, translation from German to English by James Murphy, 1939
- : Look at the ravages from which our people are suffering daily as a result of being contaminated with Jewish blood. Bear in mind the fact that this poisonous contamination can be eliminated from the national body only after centuries, or perhaps never. Think further of how the process of racial decomposition is debasing and in some cases even destroying the fundamental qualities of our German people, so that our cultural creativeness as a nation is gradually becoming impotent and we are running the danger, at least in our great cities, of falling to the level where Southern Italy is to-day.
  1. (context, colloquial, neo-Nazi or white supremacist ideology) Pertaining to the Caucasian ethnicity.
- 2003, w:Kathleen M. Blee, Kathleen M. Blee, Inside Organized Racism: Women in the Hate Movement, http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0520240553&id=O8rj6BaBIecC&pg=PA172&lpg=PA172&ots=Zig3JprLGu&dq=Aryan+neo-Nazi&sig=lBVGVZN-QKTBZyDA6WRg_Id2hcQ page 172
- : Neo-Nazis use Nordic religions to fashion a more noble past and a modern Pan- community. Symbols from and references to ancient spirituality pepper neo-Nazi literature.
  1. (context, US, colloquial, euphemistic) Pertaining to Caucasian racists or their organisations, theories, etc.
- 2006, w:Margaret Kleffner Nydell, Margaret Kleffner Nydell, Understanding Arabs: A Guide for Modern Times, Intercultural Press, http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=1931930252, ISBN 1931930252, page 106
- Imagine our outrage if the foreign press depicted groups as representing mainstream Christianity.
  1. Of or pertaining to Indo-Iranian peoples, cultures, and languages.
- 1872-79: John Beames, A Comparative Grammar of the Modern Languages of India: to wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya and Bangall
- :With all due deference to the opinions of scholars, it may be urged that much of this elaborate development arose in an age when the speech of the people had wandered very far away from the classical type. Even if it were not so, even if there ever were a time when the peasant used poly-syllabic desideratives, and was familiar with multiform aorists, it is clear that he began to satisfy himself with a simpler system at a very distant epoch, for the range of forms in Pali and the other Prakrits is far narrower than in classical Sanskrit.
  1. (context, now, _, rare) Of or pertaining to Indo-European peoples, cultures and languages.
- 1905, w:Rossiter Johnson, Rossiter Johnson, LL.D., chief editor, The Great Events by Famous Historians, volume IV
- : Who were these Teutons? Rome knew them only vaguely as wild tribes dwelling in the gloom of the great forest wilderness. In reality they were but the vanguard of vast races of human beings who through ages had been slowly populating all Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Beyond the Teutons were other Aryans, the Slavs. Beyond these were vague non- races like the Huns. "

abbreviation

Anglo-Saxon
Advanced Supplementary
(neurology) Asperger's Syndrome
(geography) American Samoa

AS.

abbreviation

Webster 1913 abbreviation for Anglo Saxon

(dontlinkhere)

asiatic

noun

Asian

adjective

Asian

Assamese

noun

Language spoken in the state of Assam, India

Assyrian

noun

A person who resided in the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.
A citizen of an ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.

adjective

Of or pertaining to the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.
Of or pertaining to the ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.

austral

noun

A form of currency in Argentina.

adjective

Of, relating to, or coming from the south.

Australian

noun (Australians)

A person from Australia or of Australian descent.

adjective

Of, from, or pertaining to Australia, the Australian people or Australian languages.

Austronesian

noun

Any of a family of languages from Austronesia, including Formosan, Indonesian, Malay, Melanesian, Micronesian, and Polynesian subfamilies

adjective

Of or pertaining to, Austronesia.

Avestan

proper noun

An ancient language of eastern Iran in which the sacred Zoroastrian writings are written.

adjective

Of or pertaining to Avesta or Avestan.

Aymara

proper noun

An indigenous people and language of South America.

Azerbaijani

noun

a person from Azerbaijan or of Azerbaijani descent.
language of Azerbaijan, see Azeri.

adjective

of, from, or pertaining to Azerbaijan, the Azerbaijani people or the Azerbaijani language.

Aztec

noun (pl=Aztecs or )

A Mexica.

- 1994: w:Diego Durí¡n, Diego Durí¡n, Doris Heyden (translator), The History of the Indies of New Spain
- :The lords of Tlatelolco were greatly angered over this and said, one to another, "These Aztecs believe that we are of an alien lineage. Do they not know that we are Aztecs like them?
- :(= los seí±ores de Tlatelulco, recibieron mucho enojo y pesadumbre, y dixeron entre sí mesmos: estos mexicanos imaginan que nosotros somos de diferente generacion quellos; no saben que somo mexicanos) 1867 edition
  1. A Nahua.
- 1989: Elizabeth Hill Boone, Incarnations of the Aztec Supernatural: The Image of Huitzilopochtli in Mexico and Europe
- :Although united culturally, the Aztecs thought of themselves in terms of their particular tribal affiliations: as Mexica, Tetzcoca, Culhua, Tepaneca, etc.
  1. The Nahuatl language.

adjective

Of or pertaining to the Mexica people.
Of or pertaining to the Nahuas.
Of or pertaining to the Nahuatl language.

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