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noun 
  1. (context, philosophy, not countable) A twentieth-century philosophical movement emphasizing the uniqueness of each human existence in freely making its self-defining choices, with foundations in the thought of Soren Kierkegaard (1813-55) and Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) and notably represented in the works of Karl Jaspers (1883-1969), Gabriel Marcel (1887-1973), Martin Heidegger (1889-1976), and Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-80).
The heyday of occurred in the mid-twentieth century.
  1. (context, philosophy, countable) The philosophical views of a particular thinker associated with the existentialist movement.
Sartre's is atheistic, but the of Marcel is distinctly Christian.
    • 1965, Mikel Dufrenne, "Existentialism and Existentialisms," Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol 26 no 1 (Sep), p. 51.
    • : Instead of Existentialism, we should speak of Existentialisms.
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